Phototherapy apparatus with interactive user interface

ABSTRACT

A phototherapy apparatus with interactive user interface for treating biological tissue of an animal or human target. The user interface comprises intuitive graphic menus which allow the clinicians or practitioners to define the properties of the biological tissue through easily observable physical characteristics such as weight, skin color, and hair color of the patient. The central control unit of the phototherapy apparatus then automatically optimizes the parameters of the light source according to the properties of the biological tissue and generates an appropriate treatment protocol to produce the optimum phototherapy result.

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/571,768, filed Sep. 16, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/148,791, filed Oct. 1, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,413,746, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/707,723, filed Sep. 18, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,086,211, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 15/344,025, filed Nov. 4, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,764,155, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/976,877, filed Dec. 21, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,498,640, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/226,138, filed Mar. 26, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,216,300, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/964,774, filed Dec. 10, 2010, now abandoned, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional 61/285,762, filed Dec. 11, 2009, titled PHOTOTHERAPY APPARATUS WITH INTERACTIVE USER INTERFACE. The above-listed applications are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention generally relates to a phototherapy apparatus, and more specifically to a phototherapy apparatus with interactive user interface.

BACKGROUND

Phototherapy is a medical and veterinary technique which uses lasers, LEDs (light emitting diodes), or other types of light sources to stimulate or inhibit cellular function. Recently, this technique has been widely used for treating soft tissue injury, chronic pain, and promoting wound healing for both human and animal targets. The effectiveness of phototherapy is affected by a plurality of factors determined by the properties of the light source, e.g. wavelength, power density, energy fluence (dose), pulsing parameters (peak power, repetition rate, duty cycle), as well as by the physical characteristics of the patients, e.g. body-build, weight, gender, skin color, hair color, and body part to be treated, which in turn affects the absorption/scattering coefficient and penetration depth of the therapeutic light in the biological tissue. As a result, comprehensive training and knowledge about photon-tissue interaction are required for the clinicians or practitioners to obtain the optimum phototherapy result.

Existing phototherapy apparatus either require the clinicians or practitioners to control the above mentioned parameters of the light source directly or offer no control of these parameters at all. The former approach proves to be a formidable task for the clinicians or practitioners since they generally lack the knowledge about photon-tissue interaction. The latter approach does not yield the optimum phototherapy result or even produces adverse effects when improper light source parameters are applied.

There thus exists a need for an improved phototherapy apparatus which controls the parameters of the light source in accordance to the properties of the biological tissue so as to obtain the optimum phototherapy result and in the meantime does not require the clinicians or practitioners to possess comprehensive knowledge about photon-tissue interaction.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is the overall goal of the present invention to solve the above mentioned problems and provide a phototherapy apparatus with an interactive user interface. The user interface comprises intuitive graphic menus which allow the clinicians or practitioners to define the properties of the biological tissue to be treated. The central control unit of the phototherapy apparatus then automatically optimizes the parameters of the light source according to the properties of the biological tissue and generates an appropriate treatment protocol to produce the optimum phototherapy result.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the user interface comprises intuitive drop-down and pop-up menus allowing the user to define the properties of the biological tissue through easily observable physical characteristics such as weight, skin color, and hair color of the patient.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the user interface comprises integrated 2-D and 3-D graphics and animations for both interacting and educating purposes.

According to yet another aspect of the present invention, the phototherapy apparatus can communicate with a remote server though a wireless or wired communication network for performing update on treatment protocols, manuals, educational illustrations and videos, etc. or for performing additional functions such as on-line billing, track of patient record, remote diagnosis of the patient, real-time monitoring of the phototherapy unit, etc.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The accompanying figures, where like reference numerals refer to identical or functionally similar elements throughout the separate views and which together with the detailed description below are incorporated in and form part of the specification, serve to further illustrate various embodiments and to explain various principles and advantages all in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 1 shows an exemplary veterinary phototherapy apparatus with an interactive user interface;

FIG. 2 shows the mam menu of the interactive user interface of the veterinary phototherapy apparatus;

FIG. 3 shows a drop-down menu of the interactive user interface of FIG. 2 for defining the species, body weight, skin color, and hair color of the animal to be treated;

FIG. 4 shows another drop-down menu of the interactive user interface of FIG. 2 for defining the medical condition and body part of the animal to be treated; and

FIG. 5 shows an operation menu of the interactive user interface of FIG. 2 displaying an optimized treatment protocol.

Skilled artisans will appreciate that elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements to help to improve understanding of embodiments of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Before describing in detail embodiments that are in accordance with the present invention, it should be observed that the embodiments reside primarily in combinations of method steps and apparatus components related to a phototherapy apparatus with interactive user interface. Accordingly, the apparatus components and method steps have been represented where appropriate by conventional symbols in the drawings, showing only those specific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments of the present invention so as not to obscure the disclosure with details that will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the description herein.

In this document, relational terms such as first and second, top and bottom, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. The terms “comprises,” “comprising,” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. An element proceeded by “comprises . . . a” does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

FIG. 1 shows an exemplary veterinary phototherapy apparatus 100, which has a touch screen based interactive user interface 102. The light source (not shown) of the phototherapy apparatus 100 comprises three diode lasers operating at different wavelengths, e.g. 630 nm, 810 nm, and 980 nm. The output of the three lasers are combined and delivered via an optical fiber 104 to a hand piece 106, which controls the power density of the laser light and outputs the laser light to the subject biological tissue. The 630 nm visible laser has a low output power of <5 mW and is mainly used for aiming purposes. The two infrared lasers have high output power adjustable in the range of 1-10 W for producing photochemical reaction in the biological tissue, e.g. up-regulation and down-regulation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide. The photochemical reaction in turn produces the following therapeutic effects: (i) stimulating white blood cell activity; (ii) accelerating macrophage activity, growth factor secretion and collagen synthesis; (iii) promoting revascularization and micro-circulation; (iv) increasing fibroblast numbers and collagen production; (v) accelerating epithelial cell regeneration and speeding up wound healing; (vi) increasing growth-phase-specific DNA synthesis; (vii) stimulating higher activity in cell proliferation and differentiation; (viii) increasing the intra and inter-molecular hydrogen bonding. The output wavelengths of the two infrared lasers are designed to treat biological tissues with different types and concentrations of chromophores. The 810 nm wavelength is well absorbed by the hemoglobin and melanin content of the biological tissue, while the 980 nm wavelength is efficiently absorbed by the water content. The output of the two infrared lasers can be combined at adjustable proportions and simultaneously applied to the biological tissue to achieve an enhanced treatment result. Both of the two infrared lasers can operate in a pulsed mode such that a high peak power is produced to increase the penetration depth of the laser light and/or to trigger nonlinear photochemical reactions yet the average power of the laser light is maintained at low levels to avoid any tissue damage.

Referring to FIG. 2, the main menu of the interactive user interface 102 comprises several sub-menus which utilize 2-D and 3-D graphics and animations for assisting the clinicians or practitioners to optimize the treatment protocol of phototherapy. The ‘Protocol’ sub-menu allows the user to define the species, body weight, skin color, and hair color of the animal. The ‘3D Anatomy’ sub-menu is used to define the medical condition and body part of the animal to be treated. Once the physical characteristics and medical conditions of the subject are properly defined, the central control unit (not shown) of the phototherapy apparatus 100 will generate an appropriate treatment protocol accordingly in the ‘Operation’ sub-menu such that the user can review and initiate the phototherapy process. For advanced users, the ‘Operation’ sub-menu also allows them to create self-defined treatment protocols by manually controlling the parameters of the light source. The main menu of the user interface also comprises a ‘Library’ sub-menu which provides introduction and education materials (such as treatment manuals, illustrations, and videos) related to phototherapy as well as a ‘Setup’ sub-menu for controlling the accessories of the phototherapy apparatus 100, e.g. aiming beam status, audio tone, foot-switch/hand-switch status, etc.

FIG. 3 shows the ‘Protocol’ sub-menu of the interactive user interface, which contains intuitive 2-D graphics for assisting the users to define the species, body weight, skin color, and hair color of the animal. Here the species and body weight (or the body-build) of the animal affects its skin thickness, skin density, as well as muscle and lipid content of the body, which in turn affects the absorption/scattering coefficient and penetration depth of the therapeutic light. The hair color of the animal, which is mainly determined by the content of two types of melanin, i.e. eumelanin and pheomelanin, determines the percentage loss of the therapeutic light in the coat of the animal. For animals with darker hair colors, it is desirable to use longer wavelengths, such as the 980 nm therapeutic light in this example, to avoid excessive power loss. The skin color of the animal reflects the type and content of chromophores (e.g. hemoglobin, melanin) existing in the skin tissue, which affects the absorption spectrum of the skin tissue as well as the penetration depth of the therapeutic light. A color palette (not shown) may be used here to define the skin and hair color even more precisely.

FIG. 4 shows the ‘3D Anatomy’ sub-menu of the interactive user interface, which contains a 3-D animation of the selected animal target for assisting the user to define the medical condition (e.g. arthritis, edema/swelling, pain trauma, sprain/strain, wound, and post-surgical incision) and body part of the animal to be treated. These two parameters are the main factors that determine the required wavelength, power density, energy fluence (dose), and pulsing parameters for the therapeutic light. For example, the medical condition of the animal determines which kind of photochemical reaction should be triggered in the tissue. Correspondingly, the laser wavelength, power density, energy fluence (dose), and pulsing parameters should be selected to produce the desired photochemical reaction most effectively. The medical condition also determines the required penetration depth for the therapeutic light. For example, the penetration depth can be small for edema/swelling treatment since only the skin tissue need to be treated. In this case, the laser wavelength shall be selected to match with the absorption band of the skin tissue, which can be estimated from the ‘Protocol’ sub-menu as disclosed above. Correspondingly, the power density and energy fluence of the laser light shall be kept at relatively low levels to avoid tissue damage. While for sprain/strain treatment, the penetration depth should be large enough to reach those inner muscle tissues. In this case, the laser wavelength shall be selected to match with the absorption band of the muscle tissue while deviating from those absorption bands of the skin tissue to avoid excessive power loss in the skin tissue. In the meantime, the power density and energy fluence of the laser light shall be relatively larger by considering the absorption/scattering loss of the laser light in the skin and coat of the animal. The laser parameters are also affected by the body parts to be treated. For limb treatment, the power density and penetration depth of the laser light can be small since the skin is relatively thin for these body parts. In comparison, higher power density and larger penetration depth are required to treat the trunk of the body.

Under the ‘Protocol’ sub-menu of FIG. 3 and the ‘3D Anatomy’ sub-menu of FIG. 4, the properties of the subject biological tissue is defined by the user through those easily observable physical characteristics such as weight, skin color, hair color, and body part of the animal. In accordance to a summary of these properties and the medical condition to be treated, the central control unit of the phototherapy apparatus will automatically generate an appropriate treatment protocol, which controls the laser wavelength, power density, pulsing parameters, and duration time of the phototherapy procedure. FIG. 5 shows an exemplary treatment protocol displayed on the ‘Operation’ sub-menu of the interactive user interface. Here the laser wavelength (or the relative power ratio between different laser wavelengths if multiple lasers are used simultaneously) is determined by: (i) the medical condition to be treated (hence the photochemical reaction to be produced); (ii) the skin color of the animal, which affects the skin's absorption spectrum; and (iii) the hair color of the animal to avoid excessive laser power loss in the animal's coat. The required power density and energy fluence (dose) for the laser light is determined by: (i) the medical condition to be treated; (ii) the species and weight of the animal, which influences its skin thickness, skin density, as well as muscle and lipid content of the body, hence affecting the penetration depth of the laser light; (iii) the body part to be treated; and (iv) the skin color of the animal, which determines its absorption coefficient for the laser light. Similarly, the pulsing parameters of the laser are optimized according to: (i) the medical condition to be treated; (ii) the species and weight of the animal; (iii) the body part to be treated; and (iv) the skin color of the animal. It is worth to note that the laser parameters can be adjusted during the phototherapy procedure to achieve optimized treatment results. As an additional feature, the whole treatment protocol optimization process as disclosed above together with those 2-D and 3-D graphics and animations may serve as an educational tool for training the clinicians or practitioners in phototherapy technology.

In the above disclosed procedure, the treatment protocol is optimized primarily based on the medical condition to be treated with certain adjustments of laser parameters based on the physical characteristics of the animal. For each medical condition, the optimum treatment protocol can be obtained from previous studies and clinical trials and stored in a database in the central control unit. Based on the user entered physical characteristics of the animal, the central control unit can estimate the absorption and scattering coefficient of the tissue and the penetration depth of the laser light so as to adjust the laser parameters accordingly to generate an optimum treatment protocol for the specific animal target. This optimization process can be automatically completed by the central control unit. Thus the clinician or practitioner does not need to possess any comprehensive knowledge about photon-tissue interaction. This feature allows the phototherapy apparatus to be used even by amateur users such as pet owners for ‘take-home’ treatment. The central control unit can track the usage of the phototherapy apparatus for medical record and billing purposes. For advanced users, the ‘Operation’ sub-menu also allows them to manually control the laser parameters to create their own treatment protocols. In a slight variation of the present embodiment, certain laser parameters (e.g. laser wavelength, power density, energy fluence, pulsing parameters) can be hidden away from the ‘Operation’ sub-menu as a protection of proprietary treatment protocols.

In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the interactive user interface further comprises a ‘Communication’ sub-menu for communicating with a remote server though a wireless or wired communication network. The ‘Communication’ sub-menu can be used for performing update on treatment protocols, manuals, educational illustrations and videos, etc. or for performing additional functions such as on-line billing, track of patient record, remote diagnosis of the patient, real-time monitoring of the phototherapy unit, etc.

In the foregoing specification, specific embodiments of the present invention have been described. However, one of ordinary skill in the art appreciates that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention as set forth in the claims below. The numerical values cited in the specific embodiment are illustrative rather than limiting. Accordingly, the specification and figures are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of present invention. The benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any element(s) that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as a critical, required, or essential features or elements of any or all the claims. The invention is defined solely by the appended claims including any amendments made during the pendency of this application and all equivalents of those claims as issued. 

1.-13. (canceled)
 14. A method of controlling a phototherapy apparatus, the method comprising: concurrently displaying, by a touchscreen of the phototherapy apparatus, a plurality of body area controls with which user input is able to select one of multiple body areas of a body for phototherapy treatment by the phototherapy apparatus; receiving, by the touchscreen, body area user input that interacts with the plurality of body area controls to indicate a selected body area of the multiple body areas; displaying, by the touchscreen, an indication of the selected body area; concurrently displaying, by the touchscreen, a body size control with which user input is able to select one of multiple body sizes of the body for treatment and a plurality of skin color controls with which user input is able to select one of multiple skin colors of the body for the phototherapy treatment by the phototherapy apparatus; receiving, by the touchscreen, body size user input that interacts with the body size control to indicate a selected body size of the multiple body sizes; receiving, by the touchscreen, skin color user input that interacts with the plurality of skin color controls to indicate a selected skin color of the multiple skin colors; concurrently displaying, by the touchscreen, an indication of the selected body size and an indication of the selected skin color; and determining, by the phototherapy apparatus, a plurality of phototherapy treatment parameters for the phototherapy treatment by the phototherapy apparatus, said determining in response at least to the body area user input, the body size user input, and the skin color user input.
 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising using the phototherapy apparatus to perform the phototherapy treatment to the body in accordance with the plurality of phototherapy treatment parameters.
 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising concurrently displaying, by the touchscreen, two or more phototherapy treatment parameters of the plurality of phototherapy treatment parameters.
 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising concurrently displaying the selected body area and the two or more phototherapy treatment parameters of the plurality of phototherapy treatment parameters.
 18. The method of claim 14, further comprising concurrently displaying, by the touchscreen, a plurality of medical condition controls with which user input is able to select one of multiple medical conditions of the body for treatment.
 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the multiple medical conditions comprise edema, trauma, strain, and pain.
 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising: receiving, by the touchscreen, medical condition user input that interacts with the plurality of medical condition controls to indicate a selected medical condition of the multiple medical conditions, wherein said determining is at least partially in response at least to the medical condition user input; and displaying, by the touchscreen, an indication of the selected medical condition.
 21. The method of claim 20, further comprising determining a laser wavelength of the plurality of phototherapy treatment parameters in response at least in part to the medical condition user input and the skin color user input.
 22. The method of claim 14, further comprising determining a laser wavelength of the plurality of phototherapy treatment parameters from a group consisting of: 810 nm and 980 nm.
 23. The method of claim 14, further comprising displaying, by the touchscreen, a phototherapy treatment parameter control with which user input is able to change a phototherapy treatment parameter of the plurality of phototherapy treatment parameters.
 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the plurality of phototherapy treatment parameters comprises a power, a treatment time, and a total treatment energy of the phototherapy treatment.
 25. The method of claim 14, wherein at least some of the body area controls are indicative of corresponding body parts.
 26. The method of claim 14, wherein the plurality of skin color controls are each indicative of a corresponding skin shade.
 27. The method of claim 14, wherein the plurality of skin color controls comprise a plurality of user selectable rectilinear regions, each indicative of a corresponding skin shade.
 28. A phototherapy apparatus comprising: a control unit that is configured to be in operational communication with a light source configured to produce light for a phototherapy treatment; and a touchscreen configured to display information to a user and to receive user input from the user, the touchscreen in operational communication with the control unit, the control unit configured to control the touchscreen to: concurrently display a plurality of body area controls with which the user is able to select one of multiple body areas of a body for phototherapy treatment by the phototherapy apparatus; receive body area user input from interaction of the user with the plurality of body area controls to indicate a selected body area of the multiple body areas; display an indication of the selected body area; concurrently display a body size control with which the user is able to select one of multiple body sizes of the body for treatment and a plurality of skin color controls with which the user is able to select one of multiple skin colors of the body for the phototherapy treatment by the phototherapy apparatus; receive body size user input from interaction of the user with the body size control to indicate a selected body size of the multiple body sizes; receive skin color user input from interaction of the user with the plurality of skin color controls to indicate a selected skin color of the multiple skin colors; concurrently display an indication of the selected body size and an indication of the selected skin color; and automatically determine a plurality of phototherapy treatment parameters for the phototherapy treatment by the phototherapy apparatus in response at least to the selected body area, the selected body size, and the selected skin color.
 29. The phototherapy apparatus of claim 28, further comprising the light source.
 30. The phototherapy apparatus of claim 28, wherein the control unit is further configured to control the touchscreen to concurrently display a plurality of medical condition controls with which the user is able to select one of multiple medical conditions of the body for treatment.
 31. The phototherapy apparatus of claim 30, wherein the multiple medical conditions comprise edema, trauma, strain, and pain.
 32. The phototherapy apparatus of claim 30, wherein the control unit is further configured to control the touchscreen to receive medical condition user input that interacts with the plurality of medical condition controls to indicate a selected medical condition of the multiple medical conditions, to display an indication of the selected medical condition, and to automatically determine the plurality of phototherapy treatment parameters at least partially in response to the medical condition user input.
 33. The phototherapy apparatus of claim 28, wherein the control unit is further configured to control the touchscreen to display a phototherapy treatment parameter control with which the user is able to change a phototherapy treatment parameter of the plurality of phototherapy treatment parameters.
 34. The phototherapy apparatus of claim 33, wherein the plurality of phototherapy treatment parameters comprises a power, a treatment time, and a total treatment energy of the phototherapy treatment.
 35. The phototherapy apparatus of claim 28, wherein the control unit is further configured to determine a laser wavelength of the plurality of phototherapy treatment parameters from a group consisting of: 810 nm and 980 nm. 